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The Revisionist Western, Modern Western or Anti-Western traces to the mid 1960s and early 1970s as a subgenre of the Western movie. Some post-WWII Western films began to question the ideals and style of the traditional Western. Elements include a darker, more cynical tone, with focus on the lawlessness of the time period, favoring realism over romanticism. Anti-heroes are still common, but with stronger roles for women and more-sympathetic portrayal of Native Americans and Mexicans. Regarding power and authority, these depictions favor critical views of big business, the American government, masculine figures (including the military and their policies), and a turn to greater historical authenticity. ==Hollywood revisionist Westerns== Most Westerns from the 1960s to the present have revisionist themes. Many were made by emerging major filmmakers who saw the Western as an opportunity to expand their criticism of American society and values into a new genre. The 1952 Supreme Court holding in ''Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson'', and later, the end of the Production Code in 1968 broadened what Westerns could portray and made the revisionist Western a more viable genre. Films in this category include Sam Peckinpah's ''Ride the High Country'' (1962) and ''The Wild Bunch'' (1969), Elliot Silverstein's ''Cat Ballou'' (1965), Arthur Penn's ''Little Big Man'' (1970) and Robert Altman's ''McCabe and Mrs. Miller'' (1971). Since the late 1960s, independent filmmakers have produced revisionist and hallucinogenic films, later retroactively identified as the separate but related subgenre of "Acid Westerns", that radically turn the usual trappings of the Western genre inside out to critique both capitalism and the counterculture. Monte Hellman's ''The Shooting'' and ''Ride in the Whirlwind'' (1966), Alejandro Jodorowsky's ''El Topo'' (1970), Robert Downey Sr.'s ''Greaser's Palace'' (1972), Alex Cox's ''Walker'' (1987), and Jim Jarmusch's ''Dead Man'' (1995) fall into this category. Films made during the early 1970s are particularly noted for their hyper-realistic photography and production design. Notable examples, using sepia tinting and muddy rustic settings are ''Little Big Man'' (1970), ''McCabe and Mrs Miller'' (1971) and ''The Culpepper Cattle Co.'' (1972). Other films, such as those directed by Clint Eastwood, were made by professionals familiar with the Western as a criticism and expansion against and beyond the genre. Eastwood's film ''The Outlaw Josey Wales'' (1976) made use of strong supporting roles for women and Native Americans. The films ''The Long Riders'' (1980) and ''The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford'' (2007) are revisionist films dealing with the James gang. Jeffrey Wright's portrayal of Black Confederate Daniel Holt riding with the Missouri Bushwhackers in ''Ride with the Devil'' tells the stories of the Missouri-Kansas Border War and Lawrence Massacre. ''Unforgiven'' (1992), which Eastwood directed from an original screenplay by David Webb Peoples, dramatically criticized the typical Western use of violence to promote false ideals of manhood and to subjugate women and minorities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Revisionist Western」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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